Studio brief 1 - Typesetting: Rules, Theories and Practical uses

The line - Reading process
Movements in the eye when reading sentences is known as saccades, which can vary in speed when reading.

Typography in 3 elements - The Word, The Letter and The Line

word - how the glyphs fit together
letter - design of individual characters
line - arrangement of the words

Adobe InDesign is primarily the typesetting tool digitally - Adobe Type

Hierarchy - used for understanding importance of certain words in a sequence.
Alignment - Left aligned, Justified text, Centred, Right aligned.
The rag/ragged edge - spaces at the end of sentences in a paragraph
Paragraphs - Indented text, Full line break
Letter spacing - The spacing between the baselines of successive lines of type - Leading (close leading), Automatic Leading (medium), + Leading (wide leading)
Tracking - The amount of space between letters affecting density in a line or block of copy - minus tracking increases legibility of text in sequence. + tracking makes letters further apart in words.
Kerning and Pairs - the distance between two letters in a proportional font, to achieve a visually pleasing result.
Hidden Characters - Indicates the structure of your body of text and show how the type is being set. This helps to find unintentional double spaces or line breaks.
Line length - the length of the paragraphs as a whole.
Widows and Orphans - lines or words left hanging or separated from a complete body of text. Tracking allows for the widows and orphans to move back into the structure.
Dashes and Spaces - Hyphen (Free-for-all), En Dash (London – Glasgow) En Dash alt + hyphen(-), Em Dash - Shift + Alt + Hyphen(an interruption within a sentence, The all-renewable energy sector is 30 years away – and more...)

Reading: www.thepuctuationguide.com

Grids Raster Systeme: Josef Mulle-Brockman - considered the most important and yet the most invisible part of the design and typography.

Fundamental part of the Swiss style and modernist typography

The Raster Systeme - presents a grid of 8-32 squares.

Rivers - Horizontal gaps in typesetting, which appear to run through paragraphs of text, due to coincidental alignment of spaces.

Baseline grid - alignes all of the text to a vertical grid where the bottom of each letter is positioned on the grid.

Study Task - Arrange the text for Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, Page 1 Chapter 1.

• Indented paragraphs
• Hierarchy focus on title of the book
• "Chapter 1, page 1" separated to bottom of the page
• Garamond Bold used for title and Garamond Regular for the body text.
• Focus on first letter of the first paragraph
• Aligned using centred paragraph structure. 
• Removed widow from the end of the last paragraph, so that the structure remains central.